Friday, February 24, 2017

We Should Never Compromise Our Belief in the Scriptures to Please Men

There can be little doubt that God’s Word is under attack in our world. The portion that is most often the target of these attacks is the first eleven chapters of the book of Genesis. Of course, this section records for us the narrative of the very creation of the world by God in six days. The reason that such is under attack is because it is much different that the common model that is adhered to by popular science – the Theory of Evolution.  This theory seeks to explain the origins of the diversity of life we see on this planet as arising from a singular single celled organism that is commonly referred to as the “Last Universal Common Ancestor” (LUCA).  The changes required to go from a single celled organism to any of the complex animals that can be seen today is said to be possible when given extremely large amounts of time.  Proponents of this believe that since we can see animals exhibiting the ability to adapt and undergo certain changes, that given enough time, would result in the type of biodiversity that we see today. They acknowledge that such would take billions of years and as a result they have placed the LUCA at 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago. It is easy to see that this claim is at great odds with the Biblical text of Genesis, which records for us a creative process wherein God took only six days, and created all of the animals on one day.  As troubling as this belief is, it is something that we have grown to expect and are not surprised to see it proclaimed at universities and museums. What is problematic, however, is to witness the compromise that has been taking place among those who call themselves believers in God.
                It has gotten to be commonplace that theologians have no hesitation whatsoever in accepting the teachings of Darwinian evolution. Many times this amounts to redefining certain aspects of the text of Genesis 1-11. One common way this is done is to label the account of creation in Genesis 1-2 as poetry or myth. There is a great example of a presentation of Genesis 1-11 along these lines on  the website of a group called Biologos which can be read here. Of course, there is no reason to reinterpret Genesis 1-11 in the manner they are espousing. This reinterpretation of the literary genre of Genesis 1-11 as myth has given rise to such interpretations as Theistic Evolution (the thought that God used the Darwinian Evolutionary process in the creation of things – God is still the Creator), Day-Age Theory (where Yom is redefined from meaning day to mean a long age), or the Gap Theory (where a “gap” of a very long time is placed between Genesis 1-2). Each of these views does damage to the text of Genesis and, therefore, crumbles the foundation for the entire Word of God.
                This type of redefining and interpretation is really done because there is a greater respect for the thoughts of men than the thoughts of God given in the Bible. None of those viewpoints has any basis in reality from the text of Genesis. The first 11 chapters, along with the rest of Genesis have been viewed as historical narrative for millennia. It is incredibly recent that men have sought to recategorize these verses into the realm of myth. Yet many do not want to fight the battle that is being waged for the truthfulness and trustworthiness of God’s Word. They would rather bend the Scriptures to what man claims to know than subject what they believe to what God has plainly said in His Word. Such a compromise should not happen among the Lord’s people. Indeed, there are many reasons to believe in the Biblical account of creation and to reject evolution. We just have to look at the evidence for ourselves, and look at it objectively, not assuming an evolutionary explanation nor accepting one when it has been taught by “experts”. In fact, much of what is believed about the evidence that we see around us has more to do with the worldview  of the one studying the evidence (in this case Biblical or Darwinian). If we believe that the idea of long ages for earth’s development is true, then we will interpret the evidence through an evolutionary lens. If we believe that God created all over six literal days, then we will interpret the evidence we see through that lens. Scientists do that too. The reason that Darwinian evolution has become so popular is because the common scientist (not all, however) have come to all evidence that is encountered with the idea that evolution is the paradigm within which to interpret it. We have to realize this and recognize that there is an alternative way of interpreting the evidence, not compromise our belief in God so we can be respected and accepted by men.

Have a Great Day!

Friday, February 17, 2017

What is a “Covenant of Salt”?

This is a great question which comes from three different texts in the Old Testament- Levitucus 2:13, Numbers 18:19, and II Chronicles 13:5. All of these mention either “the salt of the Covenant” or “Covenant of Salt”, but it is not obvious to us from a cursory reading what the significance was. To understand this, the historical connotations of salt must be understood.
Salt was of premium importance in ancient times, really up until refrigeration came to be commonplace. It was of such importance in the preservation of meat that it also began to take on a more symbolic importance – currency. Our word “Salary” has its root in the Latin word for salt – “Salarium”1. This is likely the origin for our saying that someone was “worth their salt” in reference to doing a good job. Also consider that Roman soldiers were at least partially paid in salt (Pliny) giving rise to the term “soldier”, which comes from the latin word “Sal Dare” meaning “to give salt.2
But what about this “salt covenant”? We are not ever directly told what the significance of this type of covenant is. As said at the outset, it is referenced 3 times in the OT:
1.       Leviticus 2:13 when instructions were being given for the Grain Offering, “You shall season all your grain offerings with salt. You shall not let the salt of the covenant with your God be missing from your grain offering; with all your offerings you shall offer salt.”
2.       Numbers 18:19 when God spoke of the covenant between Him and the Sons of Aaron, “All the holy contributions that the people of Israel present to the LORD I give to you, and to your sons and daughters with you, as a perpetual due. It is a covenant of salt forever before the LORD for you and for your offspring with you.”
3.       II Chronicles 13:5 when King Abijah spoke to Jeroboam before going to battle with him, “Ought you not to know that the LORD God of Israel gave the kingship over Israel forever to David and his sons by a covenant of salt?”
In the Covenant of Salt, the symbolic importance of salt is at play, especially in the Ancient Near East. The idea of preservation and longevity is at the forefront of the symbolism. In that area of the world, if two men sat down to a meal and ate salt together, this was viewed as them making a covenant of friendship between them. This meal together was considered to be an everlasting oath between them to be at peace. So it is with the “Covenant of Salt”. The Israelites would have already understood the significance of salt in covenant making prior to God speaking with them. Since it is one of the most important ingredients in an “everlasting covenant” and that fact that salt was an important preservative, God likely used it to signify the gravity of a covenant between Him and His people.
                To illustrate the use of this type of Covenant, let’s consider the Biblical reference in II Chronicles. During the period of the Divided Kingdom Jeroboam, King of Israel, seeks to go to war with Abijah, son of Rehoboam, King of Judah. Abijah sits on the throne of Judah as one in the line of Kings benefitting from the covenant that God had made with David. II Samuel 7:16 says of this Covenant, “And your house and your kingdom shall be established forever before you. Your throne shall be established forever.” King Jeroboam comes against Judah with 800,000 soldiers in an effort to take over Judah. King Abijah came out in defense with only 400,000 soldiers, so it looked as if Jeroboam had the upper hand. That is when Abijah brought up to Jeroboam the “Covenant of Salt” between God and David’s descendants that a descendant of David would always be King of Israel. The point was that even with the superior numbers, Jeroboam was fighting a losing battle. The Kingdom of Judah was the one with the line of David on the throne, so it was receiving God’s preservation. In fact this “covenant of salt” was so everlasting that there is still a descendant of David on the Throne of Israel – Jesus (Acts 2:29-33; Hebrews 1:5, 8).

Works Cited

1.                     Pliny. The Natural History. n.d.
2.                     "The Wealth of India: A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and Industrial Products." Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (India) ( (1971): p.44.